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Species Information
Summary: Features of Nectria cinnabarina group include fruiting with many dense clusters (each with a more or less circular outline) of tiny cushion-shaped red to red-brown fruitbodies with an apical papilla, growth on hardwood, and microscopic characters. The pink to light red to light orange cushions of the conidial state (known as ''coral spot'') are usually associated. These anamorphs are Tubercularia vulgaris or close spp. |Hirooka(1) examined and sequenced collections labeled as this species and found at least four species: 1) Nectria dematiosa (up to 2-septate ascospores, stemless anamorphs, known from British Columbia, Poland, Japan, and New Zealand), 2) Nectria cinnabarina (up to 2-septate ascospores, anamorph fruitbodies predominantly (70%) long-stemmed, known from eastern North America and Europe), 3) Nectria nigrescens (up to 3-septate ascospores - 4% are 3-septate. 5% 2-septate, anamorph fruitbodies that are 65% short-stemmed and 35% long-stemmed, known from eastern North America and Europe), and 4) Nectria asiatica (up to 1-septate ascospores, anamorph fruitbodies short-stemmed, known from China and Japan). The length of the stems is not specified but the illustration of N. cinnabarina appears to show a stem almost as high at the rest of the fruitbody and almost as wide across as the fruitbody is across. Note that the stems of the stemmed anamorph antibodies may be obscured by masses of conidia so that they appear to be stemless. Note also that there are subclades within N. dematiosa that could represent separate species, but evidence is insufficient.
There are collections labeled as Nectria cinnabarina at the University of British Columbia from BC, WA, and OR.
Fruiting body: individual fruitbodies 0.02-0.04cm, spherical to oval, with a papilla, "resting in dense groups on a cushionlike, somewhat lighter colored stroma which emerges from the bark"; "bright vermilion to brown-red"; surface roughened; "Even more conspicuous is the light orange to pink cushionlike conidial stage Tubercularia vulgaris Tode ex Fr., which in the course of development forms the stroma for the perithecia", (Breitenbach, Latin name italicized), 0.04cm across, "densely crowded on a small erumpent, cushion-like, stromatic base"; "cinnabar-red", darkening when old; "minutely warted, each with a small apical, papillate ostiole"; conidial state is pink to light red cushions [also referred to as bright coral-red], (Dennis), perithecia distinctly warty-rugulose, (Hansen, L.)
Microscopic: spores 16-19 x 5.5-6 microns, cylindric-elliptic, smooth, colorless, slightly constricted with a septum in center; asci 8-spored, 75-90 x 9.5 microns, irregularly biseriate; paraphyses not observed, (Breitenbach), spores 12-25 x 4-9 microns, elliptic-cylindric, with median transverse septum, colorless; paraphyses branched, colorless, (Dennis), spores 12-20 x 4.5-6.5 microns, (Hansen, L.)
Habitat / Range
in groups, often covering whole dead branches of hardwood trees and shrubs, (Breitenbach), on dead sticks of all kinds, including Ribes, throughout the year, (Dennis), asexual spores appear in the spring (Bacon), all year (Buczacki)
Similar Species
Other Nectria species undoubtedly occur in the Pacific Northwest but they have not been comprehensively studied. Nectria pithoides was first described in BC. The University of British Columbia has BC collections labeled as Nectria coccinea, N. sanguinea, N. sulphurea, N. galligena, N. episphaeria, N. inventa, and N. pithoides. The University of Washington has WA collections of N. coccinea and N. episphaeria. O. Ceska has reported Nectria fuckeliana var. macrospora from B.C. Some of these have been recombined into Neonectria.
